{"id":4246,"date":"2021-10-29T09:31:29","date_gmt":"2021-10-29T07:31:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/patrizia.dev4.de\/?post_type=real_insights&#038;p=4246"},"modified":"2024-06-11T11:58:13","modified_gmt":"2024-06-11T09:58:13","slug":"investing-in-future-energy","status":"publish","type":"real_insights","link":"https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/de\/real_insights\/investing-in-future-energy\/","title":{"rendered":"Investing in future energy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2nf8ax-196ec296ca195be568c680d521c4420b\">\n.avia-section.av-2nf8ax-196ec296ca195be568c680d521c4420b{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-2nf8ax-196ec296ca195be568c680d521c4420b main_color avia-section-no-padding avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_four_fifth  avia-builder-el-first  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-4246'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  class='flex_column av-3oibkp-5905daff5b4e5357d2381b0e1328e7b7 av_four_fifth  avia-builder-el-1  el_before_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div  '     ><p><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lte96203-dc126903d2f00a0bda57a53717261c17 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h1>Investing in future energy<\/h1>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-7bwos9-9f8e98cc4ac0cb81aa8b88ac3f5debde\">\n#top .flex_column.av-7bwos9-9f8e98cc4ac0cb81aa8b88ac3f5debde{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-7bwos9-9f8e98cc4ac0cb81aa8b88ac3f5debde{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-7bwos9-9f8e98cc4ac0cb81aa8b88ac3f5debde{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-7bwos9-9f8e98cc4ac0cb81aa8b88ac3f5debde av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_four_fifth  el_before_av_one_fifth  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><p><section  class='av_textblock_section av-2bnvm5-7e3736083a9dbffaed9e7163aae300df '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock ri-authors'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>by Greg Langley<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ltfp5x23-fda40c35ea241078070ef588ce056408\">\n#top .flex_column.av-ltfp5x23-fda40c35ea241078070ef588ce056408{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-ltfp5x23-fda40c35ea241078070ef588ce056408{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-ltfp5x23-fda40c35ea241078070ef588ce056408{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-ltfp5x23-fda40c35ea241078070ef588ce056408 av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_three_fifth  el_before_av_one_fifth  ri-inhaltsverzeichnis flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lx36j7hj-a4c7610e307be55a51c1ea44974dc970\">\n#top .av-post-metadata-container.av-lx36j7hj-a4c7610e307be55a51c1ea44974dc970{\ncolor:#000000;\nmargin:20px 30px 0px 0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-post-metadata-container av-lx36j7hj-a4c7610e307be55a51c1ea44974dc970 av-metadata-container-align-right  avia-builder-el-8  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  real_insights-meta2 av-metadata-container-1'><div class='av-post-metadata-container-inner'><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-meta-content\"><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-published\"><span class=\"av-post-metadata-published-date\" >29. Oktober 2021<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6v66yx-86903f98a3d8ef9c750db232ab1d512d\">\n#top .flex_column.av-6v66yx-86903f98a3d8ef9c750db232ab1d512d{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-6v66yx-86903f98a3d8ef9c750db232ab1d512d{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-6v66yx-86903f98a3d8ef9c750db232ab1d512d av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div  '     ><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><div id='after_section_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-4246'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div class='av-column-wrapper-individual av-mobile-columns-flex av-columns-reverse'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ltg3231x-94aa074a67a0f36a85eda2a8c2305d1c\">\n#top .flex_column.av-ltg3231x-94aa074a67a0f36a85eda2a8c2305d1c{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-ltg3231x-94aa074a67a0f36a85eda2a8c2305d1c{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-ltg3231x-94aa074a67a0f36a85eda2a8c2305d1c av_four_fifth  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-ltfowa7i-1bded3df6f5697d50c75d224ae90fcc8 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock ri-teaser'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>Green hydrogen is hailed as an alternative to fossil fuels. A project starting in a small German village could be a vital proof point on the path to a hydrogen-based economy, reports Greg Langely.<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ltfovcys-484f772acd58bc3bc2e6a0951ba46225 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Etzel is a speck of a village even on large scale maps of northern Germany, but it plays a role in securing Europe\u2019s energy supply out of proportion to its size. Located 20 kilometres from the country\u2019s only deep-water port of Wilhelmshaven, the town of 800 inhabitants is one of the largest energy hubs in the whole of Europe.<\/p>\n<p>Pipelines that stretch thousands of kilometres from the gas fields of the North Sea and the nearby Netherlands converge in the lush meadows that surround the town. There they link up with supply networks that run the length and breadth of Europe.<\/p>\n<p>But it is not only above ground that Etzel is crucial for Europe\u2019s energy. The artificial caverns that stretch deep below the surface store more than 10 million metric tons of crude oil \u2013 part of the 90-day supply held in reserve by Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands.<\/p>\n<p>Soon the caverns of Etzel could also play a critical role in the Energiewende, Germany\u2019s ambitious plans to decarbonise the economy. \u201cIt is early days yet,\u201d says Boris Richter, Managing Director of Storag Etzel, \u201cbut we are optimistic that a business case for large scale storage of hydrogen can be soon proven.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Storag Etzel, the largest independent supplier of cavern storage facilities, has launched H2CAST Etzel (H2 CAvern Storage Transition Etzel), a project to examine the feasibility of storing up to 300,000 cubic metres of \u2018green\u2019 hydrogen (H2). Partners in the estimated \u20ac25 million research project include the industry partner EKB Storage, a consortium consisting of BP, \u00d8rsted from Denmark and Gazprom Germania, and research institutes, such as the Technical University of Clausthal, renowned for mining.<\/p>\n<p>There are already hydrogen storage projects in Germany, but, as Richter notes, H2CAST Etzel would place hydrogen storage on an \u201cindustrial scale.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4nc6gp-dafd443ac148aab71f4f6ca575331ae3\">\n#top .flex_column.av-4nc6gp-dafd443ac148aab71f4f6ca575331ae3{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-4nc6gp-dafd443ac148aab71f4f6ca575331ae3{\npadding:20px 0 0 0;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-4nc6gp-dafd443ac148aab71f4f6ca575331ae3{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-4nc6gp-dafd443ac148aab71f4f6ca575331ae3 av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-13  el_after_av_four_fifth  el_before_av_one_half  flex_column_div  '     ><p><div  class='avia-builder-widget-area clearfix  avia-builder-el-14  el_before_av_social_share  avia-builder-el-first '><div id=\"avia_auto_toc-2\" class=\"widget clearfix avia-widget-container avia_auto_toc avia_no_block_preview\"><div class=\"avia-preview-headline\">NeoDesign Table of Contents<\/div><div class=\"avia-preview-info\">Titel: Inhaltsverzeichnis:<\/div><div class=\"avia-preview-in-front\">Table can only be rendered in frontend.<\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='av-social-sharing-box av-37o6l5-ba958b7322332029e86ba74ae2f59dbb av-social-sharing-box-default  avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_sidebar  el_before_av_codeblock  ri-share av-social-sharing-box-fullwidth'><div class=\"av-share-box\"><h5 class='av-share-link-description av-no-toc '>Share this insight:<\/h5><ul class=\"av-share-box-list noLightbox\"><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-square-x-twitter avia_social_iconfont' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Share on X\" href='https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?text=Investing%20in%20future%20energy&#038;url=https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/de\/?p=4246' data-av_icon='\ue933' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on X'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on X<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-linkedin avia_social_iconfont' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Teilen auf LinkedIn\" href='https:\/\/linkedin.com\/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;title=Investing%20in%20future%20energy&#038;url=https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/de\/real_insights\/investing-in-future-energy\/' data-av_icon='\ue8fc' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Teilen auf LinkedIn'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Teilen auf LinkedIn<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-mail avia_social_iconfont' ><a  aria-label=\"Per E-Mail teilen\" href='mailto:?subject=Investing%20in%20future%20energy&#038;body=https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/de\/real_insights\/investing-in-future-energy\/' data-av_icon='\ue805' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Per E-Mail teilen'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Per E-Mail teilen<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close flex column wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<div  class='flex_column av-fl06e-3582e1c92d5f47163dc20e15f17c37cc av_one_half  avia-builder-el-17  el_after_av_one_fifth  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lxa6zry0-d37b2b50b12a113d88bb013cb14358bc\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lxa6zry0-d37b2b50b12a113d88bb013cb14358bc img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lxa6zry0-d37b2b50b12a113d88bb013cb14358bc .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lxa6zry0-d37b2b50b12a113d88bb013cb14358bc av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-18  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-4268 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-4268 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/more_cows_jakob-cotton-UQJf6y91zZs-unsplash-1-1030x687.jpg\" alt='' title='more_cows_jakob-cotton-UQJf6y91zZs-unsplash'  height=\"687\" width=\"1030\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/more_cows_jakob-cotton-UQJf6y91zZs-unsplash-1-1030x687.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/more_cows_jakob-cotton-UQJf6y91zZs-unsplash-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/more_cows_jakob-cotton-UQJf6y91zZs-unsplash-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/more_cows_jakob-cotton-UQJf6y91zZs-unsplash-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/more_cows_jakob-cotton-UQJf6y91zZs-unsplash-1-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/more_cows_jakob-cotton-UQJf6y91zZs-unsplash-1-705x470.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-2kfunq-064d14a2bf1b4c8af7037d62c112ef21 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-19  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_full  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lxa705n9-8b8b81327652f158bf4699b843fe2906\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lxa705n9-8b8b81327652f158bf4699b843fe2906 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lxa705n9-8b8b81327652f158bf4699b843fe2906 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lxa705n9-8b8b81327652f158bf4699b843fe2906 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-20  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-4256 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-4256 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/future_energy-1030x687.jpeg\" alt='' title='future_energy'  height=\"687\" width=\"1030\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/future_energy-1030x687.jpeg 1030w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/future_energy-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/future_energy-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/future_energy-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/future_energy-2048x1366.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/future_energy-705x470.jpeg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-2545g9-7af10eee724b1b79d3177a16b27251dc av_one_full  avia-builder-el-21  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_two_fifth  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-8thnql-f17dfe3b32a4d4a6993379305bee3563 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2>It\u2019s all about the gas<\/h2>\n<p>David Bothe, a director at Frontier Economics and an expert on energy markets and climate change, is conducting an audit of the Etzel proposal.<\/p>\n<p>Etzel focuses on one of the remaining ingredients needed to make the energy transition successful: the large long-term storage of renewable energy. The challenge from an energy system viewpoint to meet the Paris targets to limit global warming below two degrees is that we must switch to 100% renewable energy within the following decades. This is urgent not only in the electricity sector but also for other sectors like heating and transport.<\/p>\n<p>Many studies have analysed how an energy system running on 100% wind and solar power can be designed. While they\u2019re all different in the details, one common conclusion is that we need chemical energy carriers. This is, we must convert renewable energy from wind and solar electricity into stored chemicals.<\/p>\n<p>Hydrogen storage is the easiest way of achieving this. Hydrogen can be gathered simply by splitting water into its components \u2013 hydrogen and oxygen \u2013 using electrolysers.<\/p>\n<p>Hydrogen can later be either burned directly and used as an energy carrier or converted back to electricity.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-lx36srlu-08a623cb95d377545d88af74e8b3728a sc-av_two_fifth av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lx36srlu-08a623cb95d377545d88af74e8b3728a\">\n#top .flex_column_table.av-equal-height-column-flextable.av-lx36srlu-08a623cb95d377545d88af74e8b3728a{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-lx36srlu-08a623cb95d377545d88af74e8b3728a{\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px;\nbackground-color:#e3e3e3;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-lx36srlu-08a623cb95d377545d88af74e8b3728a av_two_fifth  avia-builder-el-23  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_three_fifth  real_insights-zitat first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lxa6klp2-5408aa564209c3e311e6995898675c1e\">\n#top .avia-testimonial-wrapper.av-lxa6klp2-5408aa564209c3e311e6995898675c1e .avia-testimonial-content{\nfont-size:18px;\ncolor:#000000;\n}\n#top .avia-testimonial-wrapper.av-lxa6klp2-5408aa564209c3e311e6995898675c1e .avia-testimonial-name{\nfont-size:18px;\ncolor:#000000;\n}\n.avia-testimonial-wrapper.av-lxa6klp2-5408aa564209c3e311e6995898675c1e .avia-testimonial-subtitle{\nfont-size:13px;\ncolor:#000000;\n}\n.avia-testimonial-wrapper.av-lxa6klp2-5408aa564209c3e311e6995898675c1e .avia-testimonial-subtitle-sep{\nfont-size:13px;\n}\n.avia-testimonial-wrapper.av-lxa6klp2-5408aa564209c3e311e6995898675c1e .avia-testimonial-link{\nfont-size:13px;\ncolor:#000000;\n}\n.avia-testimonial-wrapper.av-lxa6klp2-5408aa564209c3e311e6995898675c1e .avia-slideshow-controls{\ncolor:#000000;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-testimonial-wrapper av-lxa6klp2-5408aa564209c3e311e6995898675c1e avia-grid-testimonials avia-grid-1-testimonials avia_animate_when_almost_visible ri-empfehlung av-minimal-grid-style' >\n<section class=\"avia-testimonial-row\"><div class='avia-testimonial av-lxa6kjoo-5049f2f1288bd4ee63f882e6df799125 avia-testimonial-row-1 avia-first-testimonial flex_column no_margin av_one_full'><div class='avia-testimonial_inner'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia-testimonial-content av_inherit_color'><div class='avia-testimonial-markup-entry-content'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>&#8222;&#8230;We must switch to 100% renewable energy within the following decades&#8220;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"avia-testimonial-meta\"><div class=\"avia-testimonial-arrow-wrap\"><div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class='avia-testimonial-meta-mini'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><strong  class='avia-testimonial-name'  itemprop=\"name\" >David Bothe<\/strong><span  class='avia-testimonial-subtitle av_opacity_variation'  itemprop=\"jobTitle\" >Frontier Economics<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ltfmsk4y-40150a1f391be1da10fb12892a4466cd\">\n#top .flex_column_table.av-equal-height-column-flextable.av-ltfmsk4y-40150a1f391be1da10fb12892a4466cd{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-ltfmsk4y-40150a1f391be1da10fb12892a4466cd{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-ltfmsk4y-40150a1f391be1da10fb12892a4466cd av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-25  el_after_av_two_fifth  el_before_av_one_half  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-5mp2l9-9fd8f8265683edde8404df6cd190b477 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>When hydrogen is a gas, it can be stored easily, which is critical as the challenge with renewable electricity is that you don\u2019t know when it will be available. In particular, with the heating sector a lot of our energy demand is concentrated in winter, when the sun shines for limited amounts of time. So again, for long-term storage, hydrogen is ideal.<\/p>\n<p>If the Etzel project is successful, it will allow many commercial hydrogen storage projects to follow because the general aim is to create a hydrogen backbone across Europe. This system should link the production sites, the point of imports and the regions of demand as the natural gas system does today. Such an integrated system would require a vast amount of storage capacity to ensure that we have reliable of supplies of hydrogen. Similar to natural gas today, Etzel would be in an ideal position to deliver a significant share of this flexibility from its caverns.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4xvc92-8e68a8084f8de52aba1014df58ec81a1\">\n#top .flex_column.av-4xvc92-8e68a8084f8de52aba1014df58ec81a1{\nmargin-top:50px;\nmargin-bottom:00px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-4xvc92-8e68a8084f8de52aba1014df58ec81a1{\nmargin-top:50px;\nmargin-bottom:00px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-4xvc92-8e68a8084f8de52aba1014df58ec81a1 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-27  el_after_av_three_fifth  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lxa7jlqo-5b4d62a856dc07247ba7e5811daa3080\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lxa7jlqo-5b4d62a856dc07247ba7e5811daa3080 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lxa7jlqo-5b4d62a856dc07247ba7e5811daa3080 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lxa7jlqo-5b4d62a856dc07247ba7e5811daa3080 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-28  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-4273 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-4273 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/solar_panel_zbynek-burival-V4ZYJZJ3W4M-unsplash-1-1030x579.jpg\" alt='' title='solar_panel_zbynek-burival-V4ZYJZJ3W4M-unsplash'  height=\"579\" width=\"1030\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/solar_panel_zbynek-burival-V4ZYJZJ3W4M-unsplash-1-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/solar_panel_zbynek-burival-V4ZYJZJ3W4M-unsplash-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/solar_panel_zbynek-burival-V4ZYJZJ3W4M-unsplash-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/solar_panel_zbynek-burival-V4ZYJZJ3W4M-unsplash-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/solar_panel_zbynek-burival-V4ZYJZJ3W4M-unsplash-1-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/solar_panel_zbynek-burival-V4ZYJZJ3W4M-unsplash-1-705x397.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1y1yba-ffe3055b3495c826a972f86be9e7f225\">\n#top .flex_column.av-1y1yba-ffe3055b3495c826a972f86be9e7f225{\nmargin-top:50px;\nmargin-bottom:00px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-1y1yba-ffe3055b3495c826a972f86be9e7f225{\nmargin-top:50px;\nmargin-bottom:00px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1y1yba-ffe3055b3495c826a972f86be9e7f225 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-29  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_full  flex_column_div  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lxa7k1oi-7b4e3afcb9570e82aabee96528c00a4b\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lxa7k1oi-7b4e3afcb9570e82aabee96528c00a4b img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lxa7k1oi-7b4e3afcb9570e82aabee96528c00a4b .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lxa7k1oi-7b4e3afcb9570e82aabee96528c00a4b av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-30  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-4252 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-4252 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/wind_power_thomas-reaubourg-JRUVbgJJTBM-unsplash-1030x579.jpg\" alt='' title='wind_power_thomas-reaubourg-JRUVbgJJTBM-unsplash'  height=\"579\" width=\"1030\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/wind_power_thomas-reaubourg-JRUVbgJJTBM-unsplash-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/wind_power_thomas-reaubourg-JRUVbgJJTBM-unsplash-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/wind_power_thomas-reaubourg-JRUVbgJJTBM-unsplash-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/wind_power_thomas-reaubourg-JRUVbgJJTBM-unsplash-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/wind_power_thomas-reaubourg-JRUVbgJJTBM-unsplash-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/wind_power_thomas-reaubourg-JRUVbgJJTBM-unsplash-705x397.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-7ka9d2-05102345f2cec4998654a3a83baa655a\">\n#top .flex_column.av-7ka9d2-05102345f2cec4998654a3a83baa655a{\nmargin-top:20px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-7ka9d2-05102345f2cec4998654a3a83baa655a{\nmargin-top:20px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-7ka9d2-05102345f2cec4998654a3a83baa655a av_one_full  avia-builder-el-31  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_three_fifth  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-lxa6q72a-2ed35f82c872997c109b2ba63339a751 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2>Salt of the earth<\/h2>\n<p>With the swing away from nuclear and fossil fuels, Germany needs to find alternative energy generating methods. Hydrogen is touted as one likely option to replace fossil hydrocarbons. Renewable hydrogen is also central to the European Commission\u2019s vision for achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2050.<\/p>\n<p>Boosters argue that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have a driving range and refuelling time similar to conventional vehicles and an exhaust that is just water vapour. Buses and lorries can be propelled by hydrogen, and potentially even ships and aircraft. It is also seen as a replacement for natural gas as a source of heat.<\/p>\n<p>More relevant for Etzel is that hydrogen can store the surplus output of solar and wind power stations. Although the wind farms doting the gusty coastlines of northern Germany are generating record amounts of alternative energy, the nation\u2019s grid is too weak to transport all the power to the country\u2019s south. So, on days when the energy generated by wind and solar surges beyond what the congested transmission lines can handle, grid operators turn off some renewable generators.<\/p>\n<p>As a solution, excess solar and wind energy can run electrolysers that convert water into hydrogen. This, as well as imported quantities, can then be stored in underground caverns as part of a network that can convert it back into electricity for industry or the heating and electricity market. For example, in the electricity sector, hydrogen can be used to meet demand on days when there is little sun or wind.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-liwsm-fc68310429cee63db07825b0e064cf14 sc-av_three_fifth av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-liwsm-fc68310429cee63db07825b0e064cf14\">\n#top .flex_column_table.av-equal-height-column-flextable.av-liwsm-fc68310429cee63db07825b0e064cf14{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-liwsm-fc68310429cee63db07825b0e064cf14{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-liwsm-fc68310429cee63db07825b0e064cf14 av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-33  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_two_fifth  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-lxa6qh93-04b041726868bea12c9ed6d210d63e1e '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The Etzel site is ideal because of a natural salt dome that lays below the surrounding cow-filled meadows. The properties of salt make it ideal for the storage of gases and liquids. It can be readily hollowed out, and salt rock is impermeable, so there is no leakage. The salt dome measures 12 kilometres in length and is 5 kilometres wide. Depths range from 700 to 4,500 metres.<\/p>\n<p>The first caverns were created at Etzel to store German emergency crude oil after the oil shocks of the early 1970s saw supplies fall and prices soar. In the 1990s and from 2006 on, other caverns were developed to store natural gas. Storag Etzel currently has 24 caverns housing oil and 51 holding 4.5 billion cubic metres of gas \u2013 around 5% of Germany\u2019s total annual demand. The gas caverns are leased to providers like BP, \u00c9lectricit\u00e9 de France (EDF), EnBW, Gazprom, OMV and Uniper.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe upside is that the company has rights for another 24 partially developed caverns,\u201d comments Richter. \u201cThis means they can be developed for hydrogen at roughly 50% of the investment costs of caverns created from scratch.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Most of the Storag Etzel caverns are between 900 and 1500 metres below ground, some 300 to 500 metres deep and around 60 metres in diameter. \u201cTypically, it takes two to three years to drill and leech out a cavern with seawater, depending on the exact size,\u201d explains Kilian Mahler, who has managed the cavern fund since 2012, \u201cso having some already in the early stages of development will save time as well as money.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4b4d86-6a579a38ddebcc40d21eb7c382919c00\">\n#top .flex_column_table.av-equal-height-column-flextable.av-4b4d86-6a579a38ddebcc40d21eb7c382919c00{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-4b4d86-6a579a38ddebcc40d21eb7c382919c00{\npadding:20px 20px 20px 20px;\nbackground-color:#e3e3e3;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-4b4d86-6a579a38ddebcc40d21eb7c382919c00 av_two_fifth  avia-builder-el-35  el_after_av_three_fifth  el_before_av_two_fifth  real_insights-zitat flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lxa6r3a8-54d85c08641500df71f90e9293118809\">\n#top .avia-testimonial-wrapper.av-lxa6r3a8-54d85c08641500df71f90e9293118809 .avia-testimonial-content{\nfont-size:18px;\ncolor:#000000;\n}\n#top .avia-testimonial-wrapper.av-lxa6r3a8-54d85c08641500df71f90e9293118809 .avia-testimonial-name{\nfont-size:18px;\ncolor:#000000;\n}\n.avia-testimonial-wrapper.av-lxa6r3a8-54d85c08641500df71f90e9293118809 .avia-testimonial-subtitle{\nfont-size:13px;\ncolor:#000000;\n}\n.avia-testimonial-wrapper.av-lxa6r3a8-54d85c08641500df71f90e9293118809 .avia-testimonial-subtitle-sep{\nfont-size:13px;\n}\n.avia-testimonial-wrapper.av-lxa6r3a8-54d85c08641500df71f90e9293118809 .avia-testimonial-link{\nfont-size:13px;\ncolor:#000000;\n}\n.avia-testimonial-wrapper.av-lxa6r3a8-54d85c08641500df71f90e9293118809 .avia-slideshow-controls{\ncolor:#000000;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-testimonial-wrapper av-lxa6r3a8-54d85c08641500df71f90e9293118809 avia-grid-testimonials avia-grid-1-testimonials avia_animate_when_almost_visible ri-empfehlung av-minimal-grid-style' >\n<section class=\"avia-testimonial-row\"><div class='avia-testimonial av-lxa6quby-e8d2102cf8001df0f05cbe37335289b1 avia-testimonial-row-1 avia-first-testimonial flex_column no_margin av_one_full'><div class='avia-testimonial_inner'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia-testimonial-content av_inherit_color'><div class='avia-testimonial-markup-entry-content'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>&#8222;Storag Etzel currently has 24 caverns housing oil and 51 holding 4.5 billion cubic metres of gas \u2013 around 5% of Germany\u2019s total annual demand.&#8220;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"avia-testimonial-meta\"><div class=\"avia-testimonial-arrow-wrap\"><div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class='avia-testimonial-meta-mini'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<div class='flex_column_table av-ailti-b5d9186fd61186d711a3ef1e407bbdb1 sc-av_two_fifth av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ailti-b5d9186fd61186d711a3ef1e407bbdb1\">\n#top .flex_column_table.av-equal-height-column-flextable.av-ailti-b5d9186fd61186d711a3ef1e407bbdb1{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-ailti-b5d9186fd61186d711a3ef1e407bbdb1 av_two_fifth  avia-builder-el-37  el_after_av_two_fifth  el_before_av_three_fifth  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lxa6sasf-0d316d841de16a443e0017eb082d9f4c\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lxa6sasf-0d316d841de16a443e0017eb082d9f4c img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lxa6sasf-0d316d841de16a443e0017eb082d9f4c .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lxa6sasf-0d316d841de16a443e0017eb082d9f4c av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-38  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-4250 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-4250 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/Kavernenspeicher.jpg\" alt='' title='Kavernenspeicher'  height=\"1920\" width=\"1153\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/Kavernenspeicher.jpg 1153w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/Kavernenspeicher-180x300.jpg 180w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/Kavernenspeicher-619x1030.jpg 619w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/Kavernenspeicher-768x1279.jpg 768w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/Kavernenspeicher-922x1536.jpg 922w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/Kavernenspeicher-423x705.jpg 423w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1153px) 100vw, 1153px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ltfolny9-bf6c8d3ced780bcd95fbdf4816bfcd60\">\n#top .flex_column_table.av-equal-height-column-flextable.av-ltfolny9-bf6c8d3ced780bcd95fbdf4816bfcd60{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-ltfolny9-bf6c8d3ced780bcd95fbdf4816bfcd60 av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-39  el_after_av_two_fifth  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-hg1pp-f4664f2c6e0610d5e65f4f9df66c6bd2 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2>Great ambitions<\/h2>\n<p>The caverns \u2013 roughly a quarter of all storage caverns in Germany \u2013 are valued at around \u20ac2 billion and are owned by two funds managed by PATRIZIA. The first was set up in 2008, the other in 2013. Their investors are insurance companies and pension funds from across Europe.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe leases on our gas caverns run for around 30 years. Twenty leading investors have now placed capital in the two funds, and annual revenues are \u20ac160\u2013170 million a year,\u201d says Mahler.<\/p>\n<p>The two cavern funds are the largest infrastructure funds in Germany. Storag Etzel oversees the property management side and the operations above ground. The market value of the oil stored at Etzel stands at around \u20ac5 billion.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cStockpiling oil and gas reserves in caverns has proven its worth over the past 40 years, and I think the caverns have plenty of potential for storing vast reserves of hydrogen,\u201d comments Mahler.<\/p>\n<p>After submitting their application to the German government, the partners involved in the H2CAST Etzel project, including the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Technical University of Clausthal, are awaiting approval.<\/p>\n<p>With appropriate funding and development on two existing caverns and surface facilities could begin early 2022.<\/p>\n<p>H2CAST Etzel would become the first project to convert existing gas infrastructure into scalable, large industrial production. When functioning, up to 10,000 cubic metres of hydrogen per hour could be circulated through the caverns to test the storage cycle and the gas infrastructure.<\/p>\n<p>If successful, H2CAST Etzel would pave the way for an even more ambitious renewable energy storage project. As Germany switches to the demands of a hydrogen-based economy, the existing caverns and infrastructure would need to be adapted. This follow-up project would require an investment of \u20ac100 million for large-scale H2 storage and is considered the basic project for a common European hydrogen supply from Hamburg to Paris.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cStorag Etzel is in a central position with capacity to develop,\u201d says Richter. \u201cWe are well integrated into existing pipeline networks, the deep-water port of Wilhelmshaven allows hydrogen to be imported and exported by ship, while more than enough electricity is generated from nearby wind farms that can be converted into hydrogen. Etzel seems predestined to be a central part of the hydrogen future.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lx8yn5qf-0a818b0d12a9761dfda7dc75979d6c02\">\n#top .hr.av-lx8yn5qf-0a818b0d12a9761dfda7dc75979d6c02{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-lx8yn5qf-0a818b0d12a9761dfda7dc75979d6c02 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100%;\nborder-color:#000000;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-lx8yn5qf-0a818b0d12a9761dfda7dc75979d6c02 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-41  el_after_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-last  hr-center hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Lesedauer<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 18<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">Minuten<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":4247,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[104,106,109],"ri-category":[],"coauthors":[150],"class_list":["post-4246","real_insights","type-real_insights","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-real-assets","tag-energy","tag-infrastructure","tag-innovation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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