{"id":3132,"date":"2021-10-29T12:48:07","date_gmt":"2021-10-29T11:48:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/patrizia.dev4.de\/?post_type=real_insights&#038;p=3132"},"modified":"2024-06-06T16:29:30","modified_gmt":"2024-06-06T14:29:30","slug":"concrete-20","status":"publish","type":"real_insights","link":"https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/de\/real_insights\/concrete-20\/","title":{"rendered":"Concrete 2.0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-h5xv6k-c6221aec83cca050b163da7b26a67799\">\n.avia-section.av-h5xv6k-c6221aec83cca050b163da7b26a67799{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-h5xv6k-c6221aec83cca050b163da7b26a67799 main_color avia-section-no-padding avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_four_fifth  avia-builder-el-first  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-3132'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  class='flex_column av-fmm9ng-03588567f1fd2b71bc09aea615c2b113 av_four_fifth  avia-builder-el-1  el_before_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div  '     ><p><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lte96203-dc126903d2f00a0bda57a53717261c17 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h1 class=\"ce-news--detail__title\">Concrete 2.0<\/h1>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-bvm88c-f6aa42c8354758b64af4987474692066\">\n#top .flex_column.av-bvm88c-f6aa42c8354758b64af4987474692066{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-bvm88c-f6aa42c8354758b64af4987474692066{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-bvm88c-f6aa42c8354758b64af4987474692066{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-bvm88c-f6aa42c8354758b64af4987474692066 av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_four_fifth  el_before_av_one_fifth  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><p><section  class='av_textblock_section av-auquqk-9036f48cd6fd45be0ae03d992adf51a9 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock ri-authors'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>by Greg Langley<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-7k1vks-c1837a301000f27c0c852d8c49aa0862\">\n#top .flex_column.av-7k1vks-c1837a301000f27c0c852d8c49aa0862{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-7k1vks-c1837a301000f27c0c852d8c49aa0862{\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-7k1vks-c1837a301000f27c0c852d8c49aa0862{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-7k1vks-c1837a301000f27c0c852d8c49aa0862 av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_three_fifth  el_before_av_one_fifth  ri-inhaltsverzeichnis flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5aqhrw-4fd8a0a0c7fcab927f3bc287810df9a6\">\n#top .av-post-metadata-container.av-5aqhrw-4fd8a0a0c7fcab927f3bc287810df9a6{\ncolor:#000000;\nmargin:20px 30px 0px 0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-post-metadata-container av-5aqhrw-4fd8a0a0c7fcab927f3bc287810df9a6 av-metadata-container-align-right  avia-builder-el-8  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  real_insights-meta2 av-metadata-container-1'><div class='av-post-metadata-container-inner'><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-meta-content\"><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-published\"><span class=\"av-post-metadata-published-date\" >29. Oktober 2021<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2yevd8-05981fd317768a28d47df8af464f2030\">\n#top .flex_column.av-2yevd8-05981fd317768a28d47df8af464f2030{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-2yevd8-05981fd317768a28d47df8af464f2030{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-2yevd8-05981fd317768a28d47df8af464f2030 av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div  '     ><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><div id='after_section_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-3132'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div class='av-column-wrapper-individual av-mobile-columns-flex av-columns-reverse'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ltg3231x-94aa074a67a0f36a85eda2a8c2305d1c\">\n#top .flex_column.av-ltg3231x-94aa074a67a0f36a85eda2a8c2305d1c{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-ltg3231x-94aa074a67a0f36a85eda2a8c2305d1c{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-ltg3231x-94aa074a67a0f36a85eda2a8c2305d1c av_four_fifth  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-ltfowa7i-1bded3df6f5697d50c75d224ae90fcc8 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock ri-teaser'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>Werner Sobek believes it is past time that we become concrete about concrete, one of the leading contributors to global carbon emissions. This internationally renowned architect and structural engineer has a solution. To ensure this 2,000-year-old building material meets the demands of a low-carbon society.<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ltfntrfd-6fe44dd61a46edef4d9797f8645b4ea6 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>estatements: Werner, we cancelled the interview the last time we spoke as you had just received an important phone call. I hope it was good news.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sobek:<\/strong> Yes, thank you. It was positive as our patent application for a new type of concrete had been approved.<\/p>\n<p><strong>estatements: Congratulations! That ties in with this call, but before we get into that, can I ask about energy efficiency. You are a critic of current approaches. Why?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sobek:<\/strong> Because we don\u2019t have an energy problem, we have an emissions problem. If a carmaker wants to introduce a new car, European legislation asks them to show that the vehicle does not emit more than 95 grams of CO2 per kilometre. They don\u2019t ask you to limit fuel consumption. In the building industry, they ask you to limit fuel consumption, that is heating energy.<\/p>\n<p>Many politicians (supported by some scientists) believe limiting energy consumption for heating and warm water will reduce CO2 emissions. This is true in a certain sense. But it does not paint the full picture. My critique is the movement of energy efficiency covers only the \u2018use\u2019 phase of the building. It does not focus on the \u2018production\u2019 phase. And it does not focus on the \u2018end of life\u2019 phase.<\/p>\n<p>If you look at the distribution of a building\u2019s emissions over its lifetime, you will find that a new building emits 50% of its emissions in the erection phase, about 40% in the use phase and approximately 10% in the end of life phase (depending on the size of the building and the materials there can be minor variations of these figures). But currently policymakers only address the use phase. Moreover, they don\u2019t take into consideration the timing of emissions. My research shows that with emissions, the production phase is dramatically more damaging to our climate than the use phase \u2013 about eight to 12 times higher! This is because the emissions related to the production phase are basically released all at once, whereas emissions of the use phase are produced over a much longer period.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ltfp5x23-57a1f9d161345c95e1344345e05bbfe4\">\n#top .flex_column.av-ltfp5x23-57a1f9d161345c95e1344345e05bbfe4{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-ltfp5x23-57a1f9d161345c95e1344345e05bbfe4{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-ltfp5x23-57a1f9d161345c95e1344345e05bbfe4 av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-13  el_after_av_four_fifth  el_before_av_one_third  ri-inhaltsverzeichnis flex_column_div  '     ><p><div  class='avia-builder-widget-area clearfix  avia-builder-el-14  el_before_av_social_share  avia-builder-el-first '><div id=\"avia_auto_toc-2\" class=\"widget clearfix avia-widget-container avia_auto_toc avia_no_block_preview\"><div class=\"avia-preview-headline\">NeoDesign Table of Contents<\/div><div class=\"avia-preview-info\">Titel: Inhaltsverzeichnis:<\/div><div class=\"avia-preview-in-front\">Table can only be rendered in frontend.<\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='av-social-sharing-box av-ltegg3rr-c727199f5d672709402708ebfbb4e7e0 av-social-sharing-box-default  avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_sidebar  avia-builder-el-last  av-social-sharing-box-fullwidth'><div class=\"av-share-box\"><h5 class='av-share-link-description av-no-toc '>Insight teilen<\/h5><ul class=\"av-share-box-list noLightbox\"><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-square-x-twitter avia_social_iconfont' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Share on X\" href='https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?text=Concrete%202.0&#038;url=https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/de\/?p=3132' data-av_icon='\ue933' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Share on X'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Share on X<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-linkedin avia_social_iconfont' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Teilen auf LinkedIn\" href='https:\/\/linkedin.com\/shareArticle?mini=true&#038;title=Concrete%202.0&#038;url=https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/de\/real_insights\/concrete-20\/' data-av_icon='\ue8fc' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Teilen auf LinkedIn'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Teilen auf LinkedIn<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-mail avia_social_iconfont' ><a  aria-label=\"Per E-Mail teilen\" href='mailto:?subject=Concrete%202.0&#038;body=https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/de\/real_insights\/concrete-20\/' data-av_icon='\ue805' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  title='' data-avia-related-tooltip='Per E-Mail teilen'><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Per E-Mail teilen<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close flex column wrapper. 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Autoclose: 1 -->\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ltfmjzn2-edf30e23c75be5fe48590dd5035c47f8\">\n#top .flex_column.av-ltfmjzn2-edf30e23c75be5fe48590dd5035c47f8{\nmargin-top:20px;\nmargin-bottom:20px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-ltfmjzn2-edf30e23c75be5fe48590dd5035c47f8{\nmargin-top:20px;\nmargin-bottom:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-ltfmjzn2-edf30e23c75be5fe48590dd5035c47f8 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-20  el_after_av_two_third  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-i1qe5p-d417408c83de0c4af5c879114ac699bb '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>estatements: To go back to today\u2019s topic, how can we make concrete more environmentally friendly? What would concrete 2.0 look like?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There are three technologies that can be applied. The first is what I call graded concrete, which is the basis of the patent we just talked about. Here we deliberately shape the inner structure of concrete elements to reduce their weight. I have invented hollow bodies made from concrete with a very thin wall. These hollow bodies allow us to reduce the deadweight of a structure by 50% and more.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-bb425o-b2d78d31f16cc126e1cbf7877e7f3290 sc-av_one_half av-equal-height-column-flextable'><div  class='flex_column av-bb425o-b2d78d31f16cc126e1cbf7877e7f3290 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-22  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-luqx9z7h-7532d13fa348b271ede906d7c5c116b5\">\n.avia-image-container.av-luqx9z7h-7532d13fa348b271ede906d7c5c116b5 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-luqx9z7h-7532d13fa348b271ede906d7c5c116b5 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-luqx9z7h-7532d13fa348b271ede906d7c5c116b5 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-23  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-3151 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-3151 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/concrete_production_adobestock_412089697_alexey_rezvykh.4665ea178822.jpg\" alt='' title='concrete_production_adobestock_412089697_alexey_rezvykh.4665ea178822'  height=\"1280\" width=\"1920\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/concrete_production_adobestock_412089697_alexey_rezvykh.4665ea178822.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/concrete_production_adobestock_412089697_alexey_rezvykh.4665ea178822-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/concrete_production_adobestock_412089697_alexey_rezvykh.4665ea178822-1030x687.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/concrete_production_adobestock_412089697_alexey_rezvykh.4665ea178822-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/concrete_production_adobestock_412089697_alexey_rezvykh.4665ea178822-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/concrete_production_adobestock_412089697_alexey_rezvykh.4665ea178822-705x470.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-fzms7h-09265cc6ffe3689f4686724a2ef3f824 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-24  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_full  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-ehvjzx-aac17e00c887db6ed5a4708ffc78aca2 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2>Why is concrete such a pollutant?<\/h2>\n<p>The chief culprit is cement, which is made by heating limestone and other materials such as clay in a kiln to almost 1,500\u00b0C. This creates a substance called clinker that is ground into a fine powder. As limestone heats, it releases carbon dioxide and changes its molecular structure. This chemical reaction accounts for up to 70% of the emissions from cement making, with the rest coming from the energy needed to heat the kiln.<\/p>\n<p>Cement may make up less than a fifth of concrete. However, almost half of concrete\u2019s carbon emissions come from the heating process that makes clinker, which relies heavily on fossil fuels. If the cement industry were a country, it would be the fourth largest carbon dioxide emitter in the world.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<div  class='flex_column av-bvv7kt-2b9dd7a60eecc862e7395dd4c45d3f45 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-26  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_third  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-3xakd-20eb7cb5e5b7b7576da0c1cbed0280d3 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>estatements: So, it doesn\u2019t lose strength, just mass?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sobek: <\/strong>Correct. We only take away material from inside the building components where it is not structurally needed. In the end, the interior of the building components looks like a Swiss cheese or, in technical terms, a sandwich structure.<\/p>\n<p>The second technique is to use gravel and sand to make concrete, put them in containers, and then flood the containers with liquid CO2. The CO2 typically comes from biofuel production or similar. This CO2 is usually released into the atmosphere, but you can condense and liquefy it and then bathe the aggregates of the concrete with it, so they take up a lot of the CO2. In this way, it\u2019s bound chemically in the aggregates. And once you use the aggregates to mix the concrete, the CO2 is effectively stored away for good.<\/p>\n<p>The third technology needs a bit of background. If you look at the combustion ovens used for producing cement, they burn either gas or oil in the primary heater. Now it is expensive to heat up that stony material to 1500 Celsius, the temperature required to turn the raw material into clinker, the basis for concrete.<\/p>\n<p>In many cases, they fire cement ovens with old tires, with industrial waste and so on to reach this temperature. The material is often so toxic that the supplier pays the cement factory to burn it.<\/p>\n<p>The emissions caused by the burning of cement are composed of two groups: one is the emissions caused by the flames of the fire combusting this toxic material, and the second is the chemical reaction of the sandstone while it is turned into cement. The chemical reaction is about 50% of the emissions and is unavoidable. But the emissions caused by burning waste could be avoided completely if you heat the oven with green hydrogen.<\/p>\n<p>Now, let\u2019s step through the mathematics: cement production accounts for 8% of all climate change gases \u2013 more than the entire aviation industry. If we fire the ovens with hydrogen, we save half of the emissions, which means 4% of all global emissions. If we then take my technology of graded concrete, where we use only half of the material, we save another 2%. And if we then take the aggregates for that 2% and bathe them in liquid CO2, then it\u2019s close to 0%. This is what I\u2019m proposing for producing carbon-neutral concrete.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-3w9kto-b0d7c1718ce0e08bd1e7ee3c5da5e7d3 sc-av_one_third av-equal-height-column-flextable'><div  class='flex_column av-3w9kto-b0d7c1718ce0e08bd1e7ee3c5da5e7d3 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-28  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_two_third  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-luqxvg4p-502fb38b108d68c5017d364599604ef3\">\n.avia-image-container.av-luqxvg4p-502fb38b108d68c5017d364599604ef3 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-luqxvg4p-502fb38b108d68c5017d364599604ef3 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-luqxvg4p-502fb38b108d68c5017d364599604ef3 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-29  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  img-height-500'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-3142 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-3142 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/conctete_justus-menke-Wn8fHmOxAm8-unsplash.jpg\" alt='' title='conctete_justus-menke-Wn8fHmOxAm8-unsplash'  height=\"1440\" width=\"960\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/conctete_justus-menke-Wn8fHmOxAm8-unsplash.jpg 960w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/conctete_justus-menke-Wn8fHmOxAm8-unsplash-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/conctete_justus-menke-Wn8fHmOxAm8-unsplash-687x1030.jpg 687w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/conctete_justus-menke-Wn8fHmOxAm8-unsplash-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/conctete_justus-menke-Wn8fHmOxAm8-unsplash-470x705.jpg 470w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-2z7dlo-0f408abe0b86cd5f98b68e728e3ae04e av_two_third  avia-builder-el-30  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_full  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-luqxv99a-cd4ea7fc25b13eb7a32a5a21e8c39d6e\">\n.avia-image-container.av-luqxv99a-cd4ea7fc25b13eb7a32a5a21e8c39d6e img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-luqxv99a-cd4ea7fc25b13eb7a32a5a21e8c39d6e .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-luqxv99a-cd4ea7fc25b13eb7a32a5a21e8c39d6e av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-31  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  img-height-500'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-3140 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-3140 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/concrete-production_iStock-1301590307_Man_in_concrete.jpg\" alt='' title='concrete-production_iStock-1301590307_Man_in_concrete'  height=\"1709\" width=\"2560\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/concrete-production_iStock-1301590307_Man_in_concrete.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/concrete-production_iStock-1301590307_Man_in_concrete-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/concrete-production_iStock-1301590307_Man_in_concrete-1030x688.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/concrete-production_iStock-1301590307_Man_in_concrete-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/concrete-production_iStock-1301590307_Man_in_concrete-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/concrete-production_iStock-1301590307_Man_in_concrete-2048x1367.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/concrete-production_iStock-1301590307_Man_in_concrete-705x471.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<div  class='flex_column av-ltfon8na-8eebe8816245f9123a506380cc374a04 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-32  el_after_av_two_third  el_before_av_two_third  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-8thnql-f17dfe3b32a4d4a6993379305bee3563 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>estatements: It sounds logical when you explain it. However, one of the pushbacks you always hear from the business side regarding sustainability is expense. How would this stack up in terms of costs?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sobek: <\/strong>Yes, expense is often the overriding consideration, but the real estate industry will soon be running into the reality that the European Union and many other countries are underwriting a reduction in emissions of 50% in the upcoming ten years. If they adhere to this, then under the current processes, by the early 2030s you will not be able to build anything anymore \u2013 at least not the way we have been doing over the last 100 years. OK, there may be loopholes where people buy certificates for CO2 emissions. Still, these will come from developing countries in Africa who sell their allowances and consequently have no hope of ever becoming wealthy. Instead, these certificates will be used to build in Europe and North America. If the politicians follow the path they have outlined, this will dramatically influence industrial production, and it will dramatically influence the building industry.<\/p>\n<p><strong>estatements:<\/strong> <strong>You are saying that if we can get concrete emissions back to 0%, we can continue building.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sobek:<\/strong> Yes, exactly.<\/p>\n<p><strong>estatements:<\/strong> <strong>How optimistic are you that such innovative construction technology can be widely introduced?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sobek:<\/strong> The most important thing is the lack of general know-how. The effort of the media and politicians is insufficient to match the scale of the problem. Without the necessary background information, people cannot think about the situation we are in and the solutions needed to address our problems. The more research I do, the more outraged I am. What we face in the next twenty years is not only \u2018global warming.\u2019 This catchphrase is too nice a term for what is about to happen. It implies you don\u2019t have to wear a coat outside anymore.<\/p>\n<p>Rather the effect will be to create more and more areas that experience over-temperature phases. Take a place like southern Germany. Typically, in the summer, we have average temperatures of 25 to 27 degrees Celsius, and a few days with 33-34. But if the amount of these extremely hot days increases from four days with 34 degrees to eight days with 38, this will cause a dramatic reduction in food production. There\u2019s plenty of research demonstrating that, for example, corn production will reduce by 20 to 40% if you have five, six or seven overheating days &#8211; because the plants are damaged and will not recover. If you have a reduction in worldwide food production of 20% to 40%, that means no food for up to 40% of the planet\u2019s inhabitants. This is a simple calculation.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-82toa4-8453473385f25dd99f9ad1ed165d113d av_two_third  avia-builder-el-34  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_third  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><div  class='avia-slideshow av-lutk71rh-e30422acdee9699017b75fdd75ce8b34 avia-slideshow-gallery av_slideshow avia-slide-slider  avia-builder-el-35  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  av-slideshow-ui av-control-default av-slideshow-manual av-loop-once av-loop-manual-endless av-default-height-applied avia-slideshow-1' data-slideshow-options=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;loop_autoplay&quot;:&quot;once&quot;,&quot;interval&quot;:5,&quot;loop_manual&quot;:&quot;manual-endless&quot;,&quot;autoplay_stopper&quot;:false,&quot;noNavigation&quot;:false,&quot;bg_slider&quot;:false,&quot;keep_padding&quot;:false,&quot;hoverpause&quot;:false,&quot;show_slide_delay&quot;:0}\"  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><ul class='avia-slideshow-inner ' style='padding-bottom: 80.94674556213%;'><li  class='avia-slideshow-slide av-lutk71rh-e30422acdee9699017b75fdd75ce8b34__0  slide-1 slide-odd'><div data-rel='slideshow-1' class='avia-slide-wrap '   ><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-3144 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-3144\"  src=\"https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/pantheon_1_dennis-mayk-0Be6hJLgDuc-unsplash-845x684.jpg\" width=\"845\" height=\"684\" title='pantheon_1_dennis-mayk-0Be6hJLgDuc-unsplash' alt=''  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"   \/><\/div><\/li><li  class='avia-slideshow-slide av-lutk71rh-e30422acdee9699017b75fdd75ce8b34__1  slide-2 slide-even'><div data-rel='slideshow-1' class='avia-slide-wrap '   ><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-3146 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-3146\"  src=\"https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/pantheon_2_gabriella-clare-marino-riwK6iSwcRk-unsplash-845x684.jpg\" width=\"845\" height=\"684\" title='pantheon_2_gabriella-clare-marino-riwK6iSwcRk-unsplash' alt=''  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"   \/><\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class='avia-slideshow-arrows avia-slideshow-controls' ><a href='#prev' class='prev-slide  avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='left-open-big' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' tabindex='-1' title=\"Zur\u00fcck\"><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-1' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-1' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-1'>Zur\u00fcck<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-1'>Zur\u00fcck<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M14.464 27.84q0.832 0.832 0 1.536-0.832 0.832-1.536 0l-12.544-12.608q-0.768-0.768 0-1.6l12.544-12.608q0.704-0.832 1.536 0 0.832 0.704 0 1.536l-11.456 11.904z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Zur\u00fcck<\/span><\/a><a href='#next' class='next-slide  avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='right-open-big' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' tabindex='-1' title=\"Weiter\"><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-2' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-2' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-2'>Weiter<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-2'>Weiter<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M0.416 27.84l11.456-11.84-11.456-11.904q-0.832-0.832 0-1.536 0.832-0.832 1.536 0l12.544 12.608q0.768 0.832 0 1.6l-12.544 12.608q-0.704 0.832-1.536 0-0.832-0.704 0-1.536z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Weiter<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='avia-slideshow-dots avia-slideshow-controls'><a href='#1' class='goto-slide active' >1<\/a><a href='#2' class='goto-slide ' >2<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-ltfmsk4y-9e390b4f2499ad256d8c2f13cba054d8 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-36  el_after_av_two_third  el_before_av_one_full  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-5mp2l9-9fd8f8265683edde8404df6cd190b477 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2>The Pantheon<\/h2>\n<p>For 2,000 years, the Pantheon has withstood weather, earthquakes and the onslaught of Barbarian invasions. It remains the largest unsupported concrete dome in the world (142 feet\/43 metres high). One of the secrets to it longevity is the blend of volcanic ash and limestone used in the mortar. It is likely to remain standing long after many modern buildings where concrete made with reinforced steel (rebar) eventually corrodes and expands inside the concrete, which can cause the concrete to deteriorate.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ltfolny9-3b96de4f99a1c3bd421a6bafb6884994\">\n#top .flex_column.av-ltfolny9-3b96de4f99a1c3bd421a6bafb6884994{\nmargin-top:20px;\nmargin-bottom:20px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-ltfolny9-3b96de4f99a1c3bd421a6bafb6884994{\nmargin-top:20px;\nmargin-bottom:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-ltfolny9-3b96de4f99a1c3bd421a6bafb6884994 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-38  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_hr  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-hg1pp-f4664f2c6e0610d5e65f4f9df66c6bd2 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>estatements: That\u2019s a bleak future you are painting.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sobek: <\/strong>We face not only thousands, but billions of people dying because of hunger. This is a clear fact. All the people dealing with that, the scientists and politicians, they know that. But they don\u2019t speak out because the tendency is to shoot the messenger. It has happened to me. People have stood up and told me that I\u2019m a pessimist, that I\u2019m emphasising negative stories and so on. It is very difficult to state the truth without being smeared or portrayed as a whistle blower. However, I have been talking about this topic for 20 years. Now I am more or less permanently invited to discuss it because everyone realises that we are facing a huge problem and that there are no tools and no recipes available to address it.<\/p>\n<p><strong>estatements: Let\u2019s try and end on a positive note. When will we see one potential tool, your concrete 2.0, in action?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sobek:<\/strong> Next year we hope to be involved in constructing two buildings in the dock area of Hamburg. One will be worth \u20ac40 million and the next \u20ac60 million. We will be pouring the first slabs in September (2021) to do further testing before it is implemented in the buildings next year. We are very optimistic about the outcome.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Werner, again, thank you very much for your time.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>And you for yours.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ltmyue6h-a5793e9c3f9b78be021854e0bb5231b9\">\n#top .hr.av-ltmyue6h-a5793e9c3f9b78be021854e0bb5231b9{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-ltmyue6h-a5793e9c3f9b78be021854e0bb5231b9 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100%;\nborder-color:#000000;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-ltmyue6h-a5793e9c3f9b78be021854e0bb5231b9 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-40  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_third  hr-center hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-6666ik-1ce1a11d8817cf4af420d1fee332d435 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-41  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_two_third  first flex_column_div  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-luqxl95a-1f5bfe38d4594e92f86c3112c4592a4e\">\n.avia-image-container.av-luqxl95a-1f5bfe38d4594e92f86c3112c4592a4e img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-luqxl95a-1f5bfe38d4594e92f86c3112c4592a4e .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-luqxl95a-1f5bfe38d4594e92f86c3112c4592a4e av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-42  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-3149 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-3149 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/werner_sobek.jpg\" alt='' title='werner_sobek'  height=\"1468\" width=\"1468\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/werner_sobek.jpg 1468w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/werner_sobek-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/werner_sobek-1030x1030.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/werner_sobek-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/werner_sobek-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/werner_sobek-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/patrizia.haraldo.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/werner_sobek-705x705.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1468px) 100vw, 1468px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-4k6zmk-ae9f2ea476c3fa6419519e4414ea7989 av_two_third  avia-builder-el-43  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_div  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-luqxly6n-d57601ed8f34f0bb00630586475be10c '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>Werner Sobek<\/h3>\n<p>Werner Sobek, through his company, has been involved in many prestigious architectural projects, including The Lakhta Center, the highest building in Europe, the National Museum of Qatar, the Shanghai International Financial Center, the Adidas World of Sports and the Ethiad Museum in Dubai. Werner is an Emeritus Professor at the University of Stuttgart, founder of the Institute for Lightweight Structures and Conceptual Design (ILEK) and an initiator of the German Sustainable Building Council (DGNB). He has always focused on the question of how to build more using less material and producing less emissions.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-24hesc-09039177129560d5e10df4c72fdbb8c5\">\n#top .hr.av-24hesc-09039177129560d5e10df4c72fdbb8c5{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-24hesc-09039177129560d5e10df4c72fdbb8c5 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100%;\nborder-color:#000000;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-24hesc-09039177129560d5e10df4c72fdbb8c5 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-45  el_after_av_two_third  avia-builder-el-last  hr-center hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Lesedauer<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 20<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">Minuten<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":3133,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[59,33],"tags":[128,129,83,122,76],"ri-category":[],"coauthors":[150],"class_list":["post-3132","real_insights","type-real_insights","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-real-innovation","category-real_insights","tag-architecture","tag-hafencity","tag-living-cities","tag-project","tag-sustainable-futures-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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